Peripheral Neuropathy: Early Signs, Risk Factors, and When to Get Tested

Peripheral neuropathy affects millions of people and occurs when the nerves outside the brain and spinal cord are damaged. This can lead to symptoms ranging from numbness and tingling to pain and muscle weakness. At IGEA Brain, Spine & Orthopedics, we help patients recognize early signs, understand risk factors, and determine when testing is needed to prevent complications and improve quality of life.

What Is Peripheral Neuropathy?

Peripheral neuropathy is a condition in which the peripheral nerves—responsible for transmitting signals between the brain, spinal cord, and the rest of the body—become damaged. This can affect:

• Sensory nerves – control sensation, touch, and pain
• Motor nerves – control movement and muscle function
• Autonomic nerves – control involuntary functions like heart rate and digestion

Damage can be temporary or progressive, depending on the underlying cause.

Early Signs of Peripheral Neuropathy

Early recognition is key to managing peripheral neuropathy. Symptoms may include:

• Tingling or “pins and needles” in the hands or feet
• Numbness or reduced sensation
• Burning, sharp, or shooting pain
• Muscle weakness or cramps
• Balance problems or coordination issues
• Sensitivity to touch

Symptoms often start in the extremities (hands and feet) and may progress upward over time.

Risk Factors

Peripheral neuropathy can affect anyone, but some factors increase the risk:

• Diabetes – one of the most common causes
• Chronic alcohol use – can damage nerves over time
• Vitamin deficiencies – particularly B12, B1, or E
• Medications – certain chemotherapy drugs, antibiotics, and others
• Autoimmune or inflammatory disorders – like lupus or rheumatoid arthritis
• Infections – such as shingles, Lyme disease, or HIV
• Trauma or repetitive stress – injuries that compress or damage nerves
• Genetic predisposition – inherited neuropathies

When to Get Tested

If you notice any of the early warning signs—especially persistent tingling, numbness, or weakness—it’s important to consult a specialist. Early testing can:

• Identify the underlying cause
• Prevent progression of nerve damage
• Guide treatment to reduce symptoms and improve function

Testing may include:

• Neurological examination
• Electromyography (EMG) or nerve conduction studies
• Blood tests to check for diabetes, vitamin deficiencies, or autoimmune disorders
• Imaging studies if structural issues may be contributing

Treatment and Management

Peripheral neuropathy management depends on the cause and severity. Approaches may include:

• Medications to control pain or inflammation
• Physical therapy to strengthen muscles and improve balance
• Lifestyle modifications, including nutrition, exercise, and blood sugar control
• Interventional procedures for severe or localized nerve compression

At IGEA Brain, Spine & Orthopedics, our team creates personalized treatment plans to address both symptoms and underlying causes.

Final Thoughts

Peripheral neuropathy can significantly impact daily life, but early detection and proper management can prevent progression and improve comfort, mobility, and independence.
If you notice tingling, numbness, or weakness in your hands or feet, contact IGEA Brain, Spine & Orthopedics for a comprehensive evaluation and specialized care.